Semiconductors

This applet shows the simplest model for a semiconductor crystal. It plots the hole and electron densities, letting the user manipulate all the parameters.


This is a Java Applet created using GeoGebra from www.geogebra.org - it looks like you don't have Java installed, please go to www.java.com

Notice that if the Fermi energy raises, the density of electrons in the conduction band and also the density of holes in the valence band raises too. A practical way to raise the Fermi energy is by adding impurities to the crystal.

Fine structure splitting

This applet shows the first energy levels of the hydrogen atom splitted due to the fine structure perturbation. The value of the fine structure constant can be manipulated; using the actual value (1/137) gives an almost imperceptible splitting in the scale of the eV.


This is a Java Applet created using GeoGebra from www.geogebra.org - it looks like you don't have Java installed, please go to www.java.com

Zeeman effect

This applet illustrates the Zeeman splitting between two levels of cadmium. This is a Java Applet created using GeoGebra from www.geogebra.org - it looks like you don't have Java installed, please go to www.java.com